uv 安装和使用

• 什么是 uv

uv 是由 Astral 公司开发的一款用 Rust 编写的 Python 包管理器和环境管理器，主要目标是提供比现有工具快 10-100 倍的性能，同时保持简单直观的用户体验

uv 可以替代 pip、virtualenv、pip-tools、pyenv 等工具，提供依赖管理、虚拟环境创建、Python 版本管理等一站式服务

• uv 安装

安装速度与时段有关，早晨安装迅速，晚上卡住不动

使用官方安装脚本

$ curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
downloading uv 0.12.3 x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
installing to /home/.../.local/bin
  uv
  uvx
everything's installed!

To add $HOME/.local/bin to your PATH, either restart your shell or run:

    source $HOME/.local/bin/env (sh, bash, zsh)
    source $HOME/.local/bin/env.fish (fish)

重开 shell，已经安装成功

$ uv -V
uv 0.12.3 (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)

• 使用 uv

使用指定 Python 版本创建虚拟环境

$ uv venv --python 3.14.7

激活虚拟环境

$ source .venv/bin/activate

(TEST) :~/桌面/TEST
$ python -V
Python 3.14.7

查看可用的 Python 版本

$ uv python list

cpython-3.15.0rc1-linux-x86_64-gnu                 <download available>
cpython-3.15.0rc1+freethreaded-linux-x86_64-gnu    <download available>
cpython-3.14.7-linux-x86_64-gnu                    /.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.14-linux-x86_64-gnu/bin/python3.14
cpython-3.14.7+freethreaded-linux-x86_64-gnu       <download available>
cpython-3.13.15-linux-x86_64-gnu                   <download available>
cpython-3.13.15+freethreaded-linux-x86_64-gnu      <download available>
cpython-3.13.5-linux-x86_64-gnu                    /usr/bin/python3.13
cpython-3.13.5-linux-x86_64-gnu                    /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.13
cpython-3.12.13-linux-x86_64-gnu                   <download available>
cpython-3.11.15-linux-x86_64-gnu                   <download available>
cpython-3.10.20-linux-x86_64-gnu                   <download available>
cpython-3.9.25-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
cpython-3.8.20-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
pypy-3.11.15-linux-x86_64-gnu                      <download available>
pypy-3.10.16-linux-x86_64-gnu                      <download available>
pypy-3.9.19-linux-x86_64-gnu                       <download available>
pypy-3.8.16-linux-x86_64-gnu                       <download available>
graalpy-3.12.0-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
graalpy-3.11.0-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
graalpy-3.10.0-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
graalpy-3.8.5-linux-x86_64-gnu                     <download available>

安装各种库

$ uv pip install pandas

$ uv pip install networkx

$ uv pip install rustworkx

$ uv pip install seaborn

$ uv pip install scipy

$ uv pip install polars

$ uv pip install duckdb

安装 jupyter

$ uv pip install jupyter
$ jupyter notebook

要显示已安装包的信息

$ uv pip show pandas
Name: pandas
Version: 3.0.5
Location: /TEST/.venv/lib/python3.14/site-packages
Requires: numpy, python-dateutil
Required-by: seaborn

查看已安装的包

$ uv pip list
Package                   Version

验证环境

$ uv pip check
Checked 112 packages in 1ms
All installed packages are compatible